Hepatic Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) System: Gateway to Fatty Acid Oxidation Long chain fatty acids cannot directly cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. The hepatic carnitine shuttle system, led by CPT I and L Carnitine Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University Functional mechanisms of L carnitine: Fatty acids are activated to Download Scientific Diagram Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation ScienceDirect Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Carnitine Shuttle Purpose and Mechanism